Founding Stone Of IIM

The Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) are institutes of management education and
research in India. They primarily provide undergraduate/postgraduate, postgraduate,
doctoral, and executive education programs besides some further courses. The institution of IIMs was initiated by Nehru, the primary Prime Minister of India, who supported the advice of the design Commission of India.
IIMs were declared institutions of national importance by the Ministry of Human Resource
Development (MHRD) when the passage of Indian Institutes of Management Act, 2017. By
this act, IIMs got a lot of autonomy in handling their day-after-day operations. The act
modified the IIMgovernance from the IIM council to an IIM coordination forum. IIMs were
granted abundant leeway to make a decision on their courses, fees, and alternative connected matters. highIIMs—such as IIM Ahmedabad, IIM Bangalore, and IIM Kolkata —have achieved high 10 rankings among management colleges, in step with the National
Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) employed by the HRD minister of India.

The biennial Post Graduate Programme in Management (PGP), giving the Master of business administration (MBA), is that the flagship program across all IIMs. These post-graduate programs are thought-about the equivalent of a normal Master in Business Administration programs. However, since the passage of the IIM Act, all IIMs have started offering a Master in Business Administration (MBA). Some IIMs additionally supply an annual post-graduate program (Executive MBA) for graduates with additional work expertise. Some IIMssupply the fellow Programme in Management (FPM), a degree program. The fellowship is taken into account to be akin to a DBA globally. Most IIMs additionally supply short-run govt education/Executive MBA courses and part-time programs. Some IIMs additionally supply distinctive programs, like IIM Rohtak and IIM Indore's 5 Year Integrated Programme in Management and IIM Lucknow's operating Managers Programme of 2 years.


After India became independent in 1947, the design Commission was entrusted to
administer and direct the development of the nation. India grew quickly within the 1950s, and within the late 1950s, the Commission started facing difficulties to find appropriate managers for the massive variety of public sector enterprises that were being established in India as the vicinity of its industrial policy. to unravel this downside, the design Commission in 1959 invited academic Saint GeorgeJerome Robbins of UCLA to assist inputting in associate All Asian country Institute of Management Studies. supported his recommendations, the Indian government determined to line up 2elite management institutes, named Indian Institutes of Management. Calcutta and Ahmedabad were chosen because of the locations for the 2 new institutes.

The institute at Calcutta was established initially, on 13 November 1961, and was named Indian Institute of Management Calcutta or IIMCalcutta. it had been established unitedly with the MIT Sloan School of Management, the govt of West Bengal, the Ford Foundation, and Indian trade. The institute at Ahmedabad was established within the following month and was named the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad. Like MIT Sloan within the case of IIM Calcutta, Harvard graduate school contends a vital role within the initial stages of IIM Ahmedabad.

In 1972, a committee headed by Ravi J. Matthai took note of the success of2|the 2}
established IIMs and counseled the setting up of two additional items. based on the
committee's recommendation, a new IIM, originally supposed to cater solely to the wants of public sector enterprises, was established in the city(IIM Bangalore) successive year. In 1981, the primary IIM Review Committee was convened to look at the progress of the 3 existing IIMs and create recommendations. The committee noted that the 3 IIMs
were manufacturing around four hundred PHP graduates per annum which they reached their optimum capability. It planned the gap of 2additional IIMs to satisfy the rising demand for management professionals. It conjointly counsels increasing the Fellowship programs, almost like Ph.D.programmes, to satisfy the growing demand for college in management faculties in India. The fourth IIM, IIM Lucknow, was established in 1984supported the committee's recommendation.

Two additional IIMs, the fifth and sixth, were established at Kozhikode and Indore in 1996.
IIM Shillong was the seventh IIM to be established, following a 2005 call by the govt. of
India; its stone was set in December 2007, and its initial session was 2008–09. Since
2007, fourteen new IIMs are found out, transfer the overall range of IIMs to twenty, IIM-
Jammu is the most recent one, beginning in 2016.[citation needed]

The Union cupboard, on 24 January 2017, approved the bill that became the Indian Institutes of Management Act, 2017, that declares IIMs as Institutes of National Importance and allows them to grant degrees and to additional build different necessary changes to the institute. The IIM bill was gone by the Lok Sabha on 28 July 2017 and by the Rajya Sabha on 19 December 2017. once receiving presidential assent, the IIM bill became the associate degree Act on 31 December 2017.

Indian Institutes of Management are the foremost prestigious business and management
colleges in India. In total, the Asian country has twenty IIMs. throughout early institutions, solely many IIMs were incepted, as well as IIM Ahmedabad and IIMCalcutta.

Later throughout 2008 and 2015, fourteen new IIMs were established for the demand of
business colleges in India. These items supply numerous undergrad and postgraduate
degrees, diplomas, and certificate courses that cater to this demand of candidates.

The IIMs established in 2008 and once are termed Young/Second Generation IIMs, whereas those established in and once 2015 armed New IIMs. during this article, we tend to discuss and compare these IIMs in terms of various factors, as well as offered programs, placements, and fees. looking beyond the IIMs https://www.percentilers.in/s/blogs/5f8ec4300cf2808ba696414d/preview

A gradual increase in IIMs

IIM Rohtak (Founded in 2009)
IIM Rohtak is found within the city NCR region. Delhi NCR has many varieties of industries,
together with consultancy firms, FMGC corporations, and BFSIs. The campus has solely
recently been shifted to its permanent campus. additionally, with the exception of some
standard management programs, IIM Rohtak is that the solely IIM to supply a biennial
program in Sports Management.

IIM Kashipur (Founded in 2011)
IIM Kashipur is found in Uttarakhand, India close to the commercial Belt of Rudrapur and
Pantnagar. This belt may be home to over 180recognized corporations and organizations,
which makes the situation terribly tributary to education and employment.

Among thought programs like a master in Business in Analytics and Post-graduate Program in Management, for operating professionals, IIM Kashipuradditionally offers associate degree govt Master in Business.

IIM Trichy (Founded in 2011)
IIM Trichy is found getting ready for the economic Hubs of Chennai and Bangalore. IIM Trichy offers a biennial Post-graduate Program in Business Management for operating
professionals at the Chennai field, a biennial regular residential Postgraduate Program in
Management, and a Fellow Program in Management for degree candidates.

IIM Raipur (Founded in 2010)
Raipur is one of the foremost fast-growing cities in India, and IIM Raipur is found close
to the fashionable industrial and academic hub, which might be crucial to the expansion of its students as professionals. The institute offers a flagship PGP with a spotlight on
guaranteeing the holistic development of its students as future business leaders. IIM Raipur has the best range of Student Exchange Partner Universities on par with the older IIMs.

IIM Udaipur (Founded in 2011)

IIM Udaipur is stratified among the most effective prime 15management faculties in India by the Ministry of Human Resources Development. It offers an annual postgraduate Master in Business program, a biennial regular Master in Business program, a degree program, and different management development programs.

It is the sole IIM providing an annual residential PGPX Program unitedly with Purdue
University and this program are on par with PGPX programs offered by the older IIMs.

IIM Ranchi (Founded in 2011)
IIM Ranchi is found in Ranchi, and its permanent field is presently beneath construction. IIM Ranchi offers 2biennial PGP programs, specifically a master in Business-HRM and a general MBA, a four-year Fellowship Program, and different govt programs. IIM Ranchi is that the solely IIM with a frenzied biennial program for Human Resource Management.
New IIMs-


IIM Amritsar (Founded in 2015)
The temporary field of IIM Amritsar is found within the campus of the govt polytechnic
faculty, Amritsar, whereas its permanent field is presently beneath construction. IIM Amritsar is presently being mentored by IIM Kozhikode. It offers a biennial master's in the Business program generally Management, a degree program, and different certificate programs.

IIM Sirmaur (Founded in 2015)
IIM Sirmaur is found in Kunja, Himachal Pradesh, and is presently being mentored by IIM
Lucknow. IIM Sirmaur offers a trademark international Immersion Program, that permits
students to achieve project-based sensible expertise and learn industrial, international
business, and world business practices within the context of European business.

IIM Jammu (Founded in 2016)
It has shown outstanding improvement in terms of quality education, placements, trade, and international collaborations. Presently, IIM Jammu operates from its residential transit campus for college kids placed within the heart of Jammu town, with an airport and railway station within its radius of 8kilometre. The progressive permanent campus on 200 acres of land is springing up shortly at Jagati, Jammu, placed next to the IIT Jammu campus.
The work on the campus has started and also the style is associate degree engineering
marvel with scope for all the fashionable facilities. The proposed campus will be a happy
mixture of fashionable design, Culture, and heritage of Jammu & Kashmir. IIM Jammu is admitting the 5th batch of scholars this year and additionally offers degree programs
additionally to varied govt education programs.

The off-campus of IIM Jammu at Srinagar was inaugurated on Jan 24, 2020, by Hon’ble
Minister of HRD. The IIM Jammu off-campus at Srinagar is found within the heart of the
attractiveSrinagar town and can have an associate degree apparatus to support start-ups,
additionally, it specializes in govt education.

From starting, IIM Jammu has set high standards for outstanding price based mostly prime quality analysis, quality education, govt education, practice, and robust company in addition to international linkages. IIM Jammu has signed MoUs with over 15 prime B-Schools across the world for the exchange of scholars and schools. beneath these programs, varied eminent professors from foreign universities visit the field to show courses at IIM Jammu and vice-versa.

IIM Jammu students have wide choices of going for international exchange programs at its partner institutes. IIM Jammu has sturdy company engagement programs for
continuous trade interaction. 84corporations visited the field for enlisting last year, giving the highest package of twenty-four. 5 large integers to a batch of five8 IIM Jammu students.

IIM Nagpur (Founded in 2015)
IIM Nagpur offers a PGP in management and a global immersion program. Through the
international immersion programs, students recently visited Japan to achieve insights into
the practices of the Japanese producing trade.

IIM Nagpur is targeted at Entrepreneurship and analysis and contains a flagship program
termed the IIMN Foundation for Entrepreneurship Development program. IIM Nagpur is
mentored by IIM Ahmedabad, with its temporary field situated at intervals the field of NIT
Nagpur, whereas its permanent field is beneath construction.

IIM Bodh Gaya (Founded in 2015)
Bodh Gaya maybe a holiday marketplace connected with the main cities in the Asian nation. IIM Bodh Gaya is mentored by IIM Kolkata. It offers a PGP in management in addition to a degree program in management. Its temporary field is found within the Magadha University, and also the construction of its permanent field is in progress.

IIM Visakhapatnam (Founded in 2015)
Visakhapatnam is found at the coast of the Bay of Bengal in the province, with a lively airfield and harbor that caters to the industries in and close to Visakhapatnam. IIM Visakhapatnam offers PGP in management, a degree program in management, credential programs in management, and govt programs in management. it's presently mentored by IIM Bangalore.

IIM Sambalpur (Founded in 2015)
In general, Odisha may be a state plenteous in natural resources and therefore it contains several industries, notably power generation industries. IIM Sambalpur therefore is found in one of the cities with the foremost potential for industrial development. Sambalpur is presently mentored by IIM Indore. IIM Sambalpur is had comparatively low connectivity; but, the placements are higher than most young/second generation IIMs.

Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) are revamping their courses and even the pedagogy for the category of 2019-21, as they request to create that additional industry-relevant. The incoming batch will expect additional role plays, live comes, experiential learning throughout ward-bound activities, and interactive teaching sessions with not simply faculty members however additionally folks from trade. IIMs expect courses on rising technologies like computer science and machine learning to become additional popular with students and are getting ready to fulfill such necessities additionally, 2 college members the same.

IIM-Calcutta is presently revamping its 2 year PGP (post-graduate program in
management)program to create all students industry-relevant. one in every of the key
The objectives of this review are to bridge the gap between students who have piece expertise with people who don’t have that. “Considering that over half the PGP batch enters the program with very little or no work expertise, they realize it tough to suit these disparate items into the puzzle known as management,” same Runa Sarkar, dean (academic) at IIM- Calcutta. to start with, the institute would conduct a 15-hour workshop, ‘An introduction to Management’, throughout the orientation week of PGP beginning 2019.

This interactive workshop would be command as a free-flowing language among 2 to four
faculty members, section wise, with interventions from students. except for its own
professors, IIM-Calcutta is additionally reaching to rope in senior executives from the industry to conduct these sessions to reveal the scholars to the company world. the main target of the workshop would air the functioning, resource management, higher cognitive process, etc., in the associate organization, same Sarkar. IIM-Indore is additionally revamping its courses. “We are wanting forward to creating our courses additional skill-based and our students trade prepared,” same Ranjeet Nambudiri, dean of lecturers.

Going forward, IIM-Indore would focus additional on the participant-centric learning method through simulation and live cases, sameNambudiri. Last year, it had introduced PGP HRM and therefore the returning year it'd be that specializes in stabilizing the present courses with no new course within the pipeline.

Live comes are quite popular among participants of the annual post-graduate program for executives (PGPEX) at Calcutta. over half the PGPEX students are concerned in life comes, that offer them active expertise on the topics, same Sarkar. Others are tweaking their courses and teaching ways thus on meet the wants of the ever-changing business and technological surroundings.

In 2018, IIM-Kozhikode introduced a course known as Leadership four.0and people on the dynamics of machine learning and AI. “We wish to induce into high-tech, high-touch
courses,” director Debashis Chatterjee same. Kozhikodeadditionally launched a course on
behavioral leadership and engaged with Stanford to roll out courses on style thinking and
riotous innovation in their govt program .additionally, the institute is targeting additional international accreditations within the returning year. Kozhikode is tweaking its pedagogy by focusing additional on creating learning additional application-driven. “We wish to require the courses out of the room,” same Chatterjee.

Course revamp may be a gradual method and IIMs Bangalore and Ahmedabad are
attending to specialize in the changes introduced a year or 2 agone. IIM-Bangalore isn't creating any changes to its program for 2019, however, can target building its course on entrepreneurship as a part of the core. it's additionally creating exaggerated use of innovative ways, to show management students through education tools that embrace simulation games, flip-classes, and in-class play exercises, same Abhay K Ojha, dean of educational programs. “In the approaching year, there are also some minor changes like we've got drained last year in line with adding innovative ways in which of teaching,” name Shailendra Singh, director of IIM-Ranchi.

Across the IIMs, students are getting additional drawn towards analytics and analytics-based courses like data processing and prognostic analysis, digital selling courses, courses in strategy like simulations. within the last 2 years, IIM-Ahmedabad else courses in knowledge analytics, big data, business analytics, bitcoin, the web of Things, and behavioral finance.

Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIM Ahmedabad or IIM-A) is a business school situated in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. it's systematically stratified among the highest business faculties in India. the varsity has been accorded the standing of associate Institute of National Importance by the Ministry of Human Resources, Government of India in 2017.

Established in 1961, the institute offers academic degree programs in management and agribusiness management, a fellowship program, and a variety of government coaching programs. The Institute's innovation director was Ravi J. Matthai. alternative notable innovation figures were the Indian scientist Vikram Sarabhai and Indian businessman Kasturbhai Lalbhai.

The institute launched the IIM Ahmedabad endowment in June 2020 to make a bigger impact within the field of education, entrepreneurial leadership, management applications, and public policy.
IIM Ahmedabad was established on11 December 1961 with the active support of the govt. of India, the govt. of Gujarat, Harvard business school, and outstanding members of Indian business. The scientist Vikram Sarabhai and man of affairsKasturbhai Lalbhai, each native of Ahmedabad, contend pivotal roles in fixing the institute. The institutes Kasturbhai Lalbhai Management Development Centre and a Kasturbhai Lalbhai Chair in Entrepreneurship are named in his honor. The management educator Ravi J. Matthai {and several|and a number of alternatives |and several other} other Ahmedabad-based businessmen additionally contend a serious role in its creation.

The IIMA campus is located across 102 acres in Vastrapur, Ahmedabad. The campus
homes the educational blocks, school offices, student and school accommodation, the
Vikram Sarabhai Library, the R.J. Matthai auditorium, the Louis Kahn Plaza, the International Management Development Centre, the Kasturbhai Lalbhai Management Development Centre, the Centre for Innovation, Incubation, and Entrepreneurship, sports facilities, many food retailers and merchandise stores. 

ARCHITECTURE
In 1962, the IIMA board came to a proper agreement with the National Institute of Design
(NID) for the latter to undertake the task of coming up with the IIM Ahmedabad campus. The National Institute of style appointed American architect Louis Kahn and B.V. Doshi as
architects for the project. Kahn worked on the IIMA project from 1962 till his death in 1974. 
Kahn's design is characterized by the employment of exposed red bricks, the in-depth use of geometric shapes in hostels and tutorial blocks, and large corridors outside the school rooms. He combined Indian ancient and vernacular design and trendy design skillfully. variety of tourists and architecture students usually visit the campus for its fantastic fine arts impact.

Vikram Sarabhai Library
The library is known as when the institute founder, notable scientist Vikram Sarabhai. The library was instituted in 1962 and homes over 193000 books and has on-line subscriptions to larger than 24000 journals. The library provides access to 100+ digital databases with reference to critical, company, and business info to the IIMA community. The library is found at the prizefighter architect Plaza. In the year 2016, Tata practice Services partnered with the university with a grant of ₹20 crores (US$2.8 million) to revive the library for digital learning and collaboration.

Student accommodation
Students are provided single room accommodation within the 33absolutely provided with
dormitories unfold across the campus. Married students will opt to support their families in married student's hostels. keep in dormitories is necessary for college kids. Basic amenities, as well as laundry machines, refrigerators, and TV area units, offered at every hall.

Logo
The logo of the institute has the motif of the ‘Tree of Life’. the brand impressed by an
engraved stone framework jaali within the sixteenth-century musjid of Siddi Sayyad
previously a part of Ahmedabad.

IIM Ahmedabad offers four main full-time academic programs:
Two-Year Post Graduate Programme in Management (MBA)
Two-Year Post Graduate Programme in Food and Agri-business Management (MBA-FABM)
One-Year Full Time Post Graduate Programme in Management for Executives (MBA-PGPX)
Ph.D. Program in Management
In addition, it offers the following programs:
Faculty Development Programme (FDP) - a month-long full-time program for educating
management faculty
Armed Forces Programme (AFP) - a six-month full-time program for officers of the armed
forces
e-Mode Post Graduate Programme (PGP) - a two-year part-time master's degree program
ePost Graduate Diploma in Advanced Business Analytics (PGDM-ABA) - a 16-months
diploma program in Business analytics
Executive Education Programmes (EEP) and Executive Education Dubai - part-time
management programs for executives

Exchange programs
IIMA has affiliations with 78 leading business faculties across the globe. In 2015–16, 140
students from IIMA spent a semester at affiliate business faculties across North America,
Europe, Africa, Australia, and the Asia Pacific region, whereas 87 students from foreign
colleges spent a semester at IIMA for an equivalent amount. The Institute includes a
twin degree and one term exchange program arrangement with some business faculties like HEC Paris, Bocconi University, EDHEC grad school, University of Louvain, ESSEC grad
school in Paris, University of Cologne, ESCP Europe, and Emlyongrad school. a number of
the scholars occurring exchange receive scholarships from the Institute, DAADGermany, the French Government, and collaborating faculties.

Admission
IIMA offers totally different tutorial programs and has admission processes and eligibility
severally. The IIMA admission method is predicated on the course candidate selection. CAT the score is that the basic examination to use for admission all told of the educational programs. with the exception of that, they settle for applications from alternative entrance exams like GRE, GMAT, GATE, UGC-JRF, ICAR-SRF. successive major side for admission is that the class (GEN, EWS, NC, OBC, SC, ST, PWD, PWD(ST) ), Total seat square measure any divided into the class wherever IIM settle for admission on the class basis. sensible tutorial record and share score is another major side.

IIM additionally conducts its analytics writing check and private interview (AWT & PI) in Ahmedabad, Banglore, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Indian capital cities of selected candidates. Seats in IIMA square measure reserved, supported government instruction twenty-sevenths of seat square measure reserved for NC-OBC, 15% for SC, 7.5% for ST candidates, five-hitter for Persons with Benchmark Disabilities (PwD), and up to 100 percent for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS).

Research Centre
The university has the subsequent sector or mission-minded centers that are staffed by
college members:
Centre for Innovation, Incubation, Entrepreneurship (CIIE) – it had been originally
established in 2012 as a groundwork establishment, with a grant pool from the Government of Gujarat, the Department of Science and Technology (DST), and IIMA. It currently operates as a region 8 nonprofit company beneath the firm's Act 2013. The center supports 40–60 ventures each year through its accelerator programs, incubation areas, and seed investment program. The center has regarding 20,000square measure of incubation area in Ahmedabad, 30,000 sq ft in Pune and is within the method of fitting another one in Pune cover ten,000 sq ft. the middle conjointly encompasses a Young IIMAvericks Fellowship/Internship program for a batch of graduating students UN agency arrange to take the route of entrepreneurship. In 2015, CIIE was invited to co-host the primary India-US Startup Konnect within the Silicon Valley to showcase the strengths of India's startup system. In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Board of India gave approval to the Republic of India Innovation Fund to control as a working capital Fund and conjointly secured class – I working capital fund standing.

India Gold Policy Centre
Centre for e-Governance
Centre for Infrastructure Policy and Regulation
Centre for Management of Health Services
Centre for Retailing
IIMA-Idea Telecom Centre of Excellence

Placements
The placement method at IIM Ahmedabad may be a student-driven method that
institutionalizes placements for the whole batch. the position Committee nonappointiveby the coed liaisons between the Institute administration, students, and recruiters. Placements for the PGP and PGP-FABM courses characterized by 2 phases – summer placements for the first batch and final placements for the graduating batch. The summer method is conducted in Nov/Dec for the primary year. The intermediate placement committee handles the method for them. the position method for graduating is conducted in 2 stages. the primary is that the laterals method in Jan wherever companies interview students with previous work expertise and supply them mid-level social control positions. The second stage is the final placement method in around Feb. This method is handled by the freshly nonappointive-committee among the PGP1s to avoid any conflict of interest and guarantee a good method. firms from multiple sectors across totally different geographies rent candidates  for a large variety of functions

Impact
Business
IIMA has been instrumental in influencing the business landscape of the country, with the
very best proportion of bovine spongiform encephalitis 500 CEOs (who have associate
degree MBA) coming back from IIMA. quite 400 students give live consulting for businesses through the Forum for business interaction annually. 84 comes were undertaken by students in 2015.

Policy
A key study by IIMA on salaries within the personal and public sector helped form the 7th
Central Pay Commissions recommendations. Professors from IIMA are appointed to eminent panels and committees, to blame for shaping key policies, by the govt. IIMAs Gold Policy Centre is within the method of publishing a paper on the government's Gold proof Policy. The geographic area prisons Department has signed an MoU with IIMA for a jail modernization project. The Central Vigilance Commission has asked IIMA to return up with Indias 1st index to live perceptions of graft and corruption, supported the Corruption Perceptions Index of Transparency International. Key studies on state health indexes have conjointly been discharged by IIMA, serving to spotlight the progress created on identical by numerous states across the country.

Training

Through its government education schemes, IIMA can train key senior officers from Chhattisgarh, in addition to state Chief Minister Raman Singh, focusing on key management practices and project management. Officers from the Delhi Jal Board also will bear coaching on Project and Risk Management. An MoU has conjointly been signed between the Institute and therefore the DelhiGovt to coach the principals of all 1024 faculties pass by it, with the coaching to be conducted by the RTE Resource Centre.


Social
RTE-RC
The Right to Education Resource Centre (RTE-RC), started by a gaggle of scholars beneath
the steering of a professor. Ankur organophosphate nerve agent, helps oldsters fill out forms and find kids admitted beneath the RTE Act, whereas conjointly raising awareness regarding the difficulty of underutilization of the Act. The Centre received 1800 applications in its 1styear of operation, raising the number of youngsters admitted beneath RTE from thirty in 2013 to just about 600 in 2014.

Prayaas
Launched in 2004, Prayaas impacts the lives of deprived students by directly providing them the next quality of education through specially appointed lecturers, with categories running out of the Newfield, as conjointly through funding drives that change students to maneuver to raised faculties, in a very hope for higher education and higher lives. The IIMA community actively helps the youngsters with their prep and preparation for examinations. to boot, the youngsters use the campus, facilities and participate in activities like painting, dance, crafts, etc.


SMILE

IIMA, in association with the Wagh Bakri cluster, created an associate degree initiative referred to as SMILE (Student mediate Initiative for Learning to Excel) to coach deprived youngsters whereby students can conduct categories in their free time. This has been piloted in a very area provided by the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC)beneath a flyover close to the IIMAcampus.





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